Surgical treatment for scoliosis is typically recommended in cases where the curvature of the spine is severe, progressive, or causing significant symptoms that cannot be adequately managed with non-surgical interventions.

However, the surgical complications like proximity of vital structures, neurological injury or wound infection increases the difficulty for the surgeons. 3D Printed models can be a suitable alternative towards reduction of the risk associated with surgeries based on visual inspection. The 3D printed anatomical models have revolutionized the surgical planning and intraoperative decision making for surgeons in spinal surgery.

Significant studies demonstrate that medical models help in preoperative surgical planning like selection of the optimal procedure and clinical decisions made by the surgeons and allows detailed visualization and analysis of the spinal deformity. Medical models facilitate thorough assessment of the spinal deformity, allowing surgeons to analyze the extent and nature of the curvature with precision. These models serve as valuable aids in developing personalized treatment plans tailored to the individual patient's anatomy and condition. Surgeons can utilize the models to simulate various surgical approaches, evaluate potential outcomes, and determine the most optimal strategies for correction.

During intraoperative planning, medical models continue to play a critical role in guiding surgical procedures. Surgeons can reference the 3D-printed models in real-time to navigate the complex anatomy of the spine with enhanced accuracy and confidence. The models serve as invaluable references for instrument placement like pedicle screw, vertebral alignment, and correction maneuvers, facilitating smoother and more effective surgeries.

Pedicle screw placement is crucial to avoid complications in spinal procedures. However, the abnormal anatomy and pedicle morphology increase the difficulty in applying pedicle screws aided by intraoperative fluoroscopy. This leads to higher radiation exposure for the patient and prolonged operative time.

Workflow to produce 3D printed anatomical models from a patient-specific image data set

Anatomical models help in pre-surgical planning, intra-operative, patient education and surgical guides in complex scoliosis cases facilitating early detection, informed decisionmaking, and the adoption of strategies tailored to individual patient needs.

Scoliosis model in a child: 3D Model used for intraoperative surgical planning & management